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- Apple II
- Technical Notes
- _____________________________________________________________________________
- Developer Technical Support
-
-
- Apple IIGS
- #32: /INH Line Anomaly
-
- Revised by: Glenn A. Baxter & Rob Moore November 1988
- Written by: Glenn A. Baxter December 1986
-
- This Technical Note describes a hardware anomaly which affects the use of the
- /INH line on the Apple IIGS.
- _____________________________________________________________________________
-
- The Apple IIGS maps logical addresses in main and auxiliary RAM spaces to
- physical RAM devices in such a way that using the /INH line can cause bus
- contention under certain conditions. This Note describes the problem and
- suggests a solution strategy.
-
- In the Apple IIGS, main memory resides within four physical 64 x 4 DRAMs.
- Memory is logically mapped into two separate banks of 64K x 8. The logical
- map of main memory is slightly different than what one might expect. Owing to
- the demands of new video modes on the IIGS, the DRAMs need a greater amount of
- time to perform their function. The easiest way to allocate time in a fixed,
- time-based system is to use a memory interleaving mechanism, and the IIGS
- implements its video in this fashion.
-
- As a result of this interleaving scheme, the logical map of main and auxiliary
- memory does not correspond directly to physical DRAMs, but are split in three
- places. The split looks like the following:
-
- First Physical 64K Second Physical 64K
- Main Memory $0000 - $5FFF Auxiliary Memory $0000 - $5FFF
- Auxiliary Memory $6000 - $9FFF Main Memory $6000 - $9FFF
- Main Memory $A000 - $FFFF Auxiliary Memory $A000 - $FFFF
-
- Only part of the first physical bank of RAM is inhibited when /INH is brought
- low; therefore, the /INH function only works between $0000 - $5FFF and $A000 -
- $FFFF in main memory and $6000 - $6FFF in auxiliary memory. If a card
- attempts to inhibit main memory in the range of $6000 - $9FFF or auxiliary
- memory in the ranges $0000 - $5FFF or $A000 - $FFFF, bus contention results as
- both the Mega II and the 74HCT245 buffer device attempt to drive the bus
- simultaneously (which can damage the Mega II).
-
- Because earlier Apple II systems do not arrange their physical memory as
- described above, cards which use the /INH line may be compatible with the
- Apple ][+ and IIe, but not with the IIGS. To be compatible with all Apple II
- systems, a card should include an address mask that will prevent /INH from
- going low when the address in in the sensitive ranges of main or auxiliary
- memory. The following logic equation represents an appropriate blocking
- signal for main memory inhibition:
-
- BLOCK = /A15 * A14 * A13 ;BLOCK $6000-$7FFF
- + A15 * /A14 * /A13 ;BLOCK $8000-$9FFF
-
-